Cultured pearls are real pearls grown with human assistance in mollusks. They are different from imitation pearls made to resemble them. “Freshwater” describes the environment in which a pearl grew; it does not, on its own, describe its quality.
Natural, cultured and imitation
- Natural pearl: forms without human intervention.
- Cultured pearl: grows through a process initiated by people. Cultured pearls can be freshwater or saltwater.
- Imitation pearl: another material fashioned to look like a pearl.
A cultured pearl should not be described as a natural pearl simply because it grew in a mollusk. Look for a clear pearl description in the individual listing.
What should you compare?
GIA evaluates pearls using factors including size, shape, color, luster, surface, nacre and matching. When browsing online, turn those broad factors into specific questions:
- What are the pearl measurements in millimeters, and what is the finished jewelry length?
- Is the intended shape round, oval, drop-shaped or irregular?
- Does the description address color or any color treatment? Do not infer untreated color from a photograph.
- For a pair or strand, what matching is described? For the setting, what metal and fastening are specified?
Choose the style you prefer, then compare pieces with the same stated characteristics. A label such as “freshwater” cannot answer every quality question, and a single attractive image cannot replace the measurements.
How do you care for pearl jewelry?
Pearls need gentle handling because their surfaces can scratch and can be damaged by chemicals or heat. Put on pearl jewelry after applying cosmetics and fragrance. Wipe it with a soft, clean cloth after wearing and keep it apart from harder pieces that could rub against it.
Do not use ultrasonic or steam cleaning on pearls. GIA describes warm, soapy water as an option for occasional cleaning, but the complete piece must also suit that method. With a strung piece, let the thread dry completely before wearing it. Follow the maker's instructions for any decorative components or attachment.
Choose the jewelry format
For pearl earrings, check drop length and the fastening. For pearl necklaces, check overall length, pearl measurements and clasp. Explore Pearl Jewelry to compare formats, and ask us about the specific item if an important detail is not listed.
References
- GIA: Are Cultured Pearls Real?
- GIA: Natural and Cultured Pearls
- GIA: Pearl Quality Factors
- GIA: Pearl Care and Cleaning Guide
More jewelry buying and care guides
By BillyTheTree Jewelry.